Often the word civilisation is used synonymously with the term culture in academic circles and also in the popular ones. Every human being participate in the composition of a culture that is defined by customs, beliefs, values, behavior that influences our lifestyle.
However in the most common definition refers to civilization as a descriptive term for a complex urban culture.
Civilizations can be distinguished according to their level of complexity and social organization, as well as various economic and cultural activities.
What civilization is the oldest in the world?
Antiquity is the second age of history. It started around 3000 BC, when cuneiform writing was invented. In this era where developed art, religion and great civilizations.
In about 3500 B.C. a people known as the Sumerians migrated from Asia into Mesopotamia. and founded a city located in the Sumer Valley. The first, and most important step they took was the creation of cities.
In this context we should mention that the Sumerians are present in history from the Early Dynasty I. They have a rich and a long Predynastic history of urban civilization in the Uruk period that has its beginnings around 4000 BC.
Also the Egypt has a history that has its origins in the early 3200 BC, in the Protodynastic period. During this period the first cities arose.
Many people say the first great civilization was the Egyptian one.
Looking to the period in which the two civilizations have appeared its correct to say that the Sumerian is the first, but if we guide our attention to the chronology of cultural and urban expansion, Egypt occupies the first position.
In conclusion the first great civilization was the Sumerian one. It was born and developed in the heart of Iraq, on the banks of Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle Ancient. During this period were invented cuneiform writing and the wheel . There appeared also a number of new nations such as Babylonian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Hittite, Persian, Palestinian and Phoenician.
Also in the Ancient East, in Africa there were many peoples and tribes, but most developed was the Egyptian people. Art, religion and culture were highly developed in ancient Egypt.
In the Far East evolved the Indian and Chinese civilization. In China were established Shang and Zhou dynasties, and in India settled the Hindus.
About the oldest civilizations are heated discussions today. Some refer often and Tartaria tablets. The Tartaria tablets are tablets discovered in Tartaria, Romania, which date to around 5300 BC. They bear incised symbols, the Vinca signs, that have been the subject of considerable controversy among archaelogists, some of whom claim that the symbols represent the earliest known form of writing in the world.These tablets were discovered in 1961, at about 30 km from the well-known site of Alba-Iulia.Two of them are covered with stylized representations of animals, objects and trees, and the third comprises four groups of signs which are separated by lines.
Sumerian tablets from Uruk and Nasr Djemdet dates from the end of the fourth millennium BC and similarities between them and those of Tartaria lead us to hypothesis that the tablets discovered in Romania, as vestiges of ancient writings.
Also Tartaria tablets are a millennium older than the monuments that show ancient Sumer writings. If someone admits that these are indeed ancient writings, would be the oldest in the world.
A heated discussion on this subject is found on www.allempires.com forum, where the assumption that civilization began in the Carpathians, "a perfect landscape for human evolution" is adopted by many as true.
